ZITTERBEWEGUNG IS NOT AN OBSERVABLE
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Fluctuation theorems: work is not an observable.
The characteristic function of the work performed by an external time-dependent force on a Hamiltonian quantum system is identified with the time-ordered correlation function of the exponentiated system's Hamiltonian. A similar expression is obtained for the averaged exponential work which is related to the free energy difference of equilibrium systems by the Jarzynski work theorem.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Modern Physics Letters A
سال: 2011
ISSN: 0217-7323,1793-6632
DOI: 10.1142/s0217732311034967